In ‘The Casey Review, institutional racism and police accountability for use of force: how assessing police accountability systems by reference to axes of accountability clarifies the issues’, the article develops the Axes of Accountability Framework as a structured means of evaluating police accountability systems. It situates debates on institutional racism and use of force within a clearer analytical architecture, demonstrating how distinct dimensions of accountability interact and where institutional weaknesses may arise.
By advancing a principled framework for assessing governance arrangements, the article contributes to wider debates on police reform, democratic oversight and institutional responsibility within criminal justice.