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The structure of sensory experience during development has long-lasting effects on the connectivity and function of neural circuits. Monocular deprivation is a perturbation of visual experience frequently used in experiments to study the mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. We investigated the effects of synaptic plasticity induced by deprivation on activity in sparse random networks of spiking neurons with either a single or two subtypes of inhibitory interneurons. The operating regime of the circuit, either stabilized by inhibition or with weak excitation such that it is stable without inhibition, determines how deprivation-induced circuit reorganization regulates firing rates of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and how strongly these firing rate changes are coordinated. In an inhibition-stabilized network with a single type of interneurons, the different populations are highly coordinated. In a network with two subtypes of interneurons, sufficient inhibitory feedback from somatostatin-positive cells reverses the response of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, allowing independent or opposite regulation of their firing rates. In a theoretical framework, we can thus explain the implications of interneuron diversity and their recurrent couplings for activity-dependent plasticity in recurrent networks.
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vY8Zs_UAAAAJ&hl=en
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