In a new shift, more young Muslim women than men have degrees, research presented at the British Sociological Association’s annual conference in Birmingham this week will reveal.
Dr Nabil Khattab, of the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar, and Professor Tariq Modood from the University of Bristol's School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies, found 25 per cent of Muslim women aged 21 to 24 had degrees, compared with 22 per cent of Muslim men of the same age.
Using survey data on 6,600 people in England, they also found that GCSE results and average scores in school tests at age 11 and 14 were higher for Muslim girls.
“Muslim girls seem to now be outperforming Muslim boys, especially in relation to their school performance,” said Dr Khattab. “This is a very interesting and a new finding, especially given what we know about the gender gap among Muslims, not only in education but also in the labour market.
“While older men are more likely to be degree holders than their female counterparts, younger women are more likely to have degrees.
“This trend has been present amongst white Christians for some time. On the other hand, it is very new amongst Muslims, with women more likely than men to have degrees only in the 21 to 24 age bracket.
“Nevertheless, that it has happened at all is quite remarkable when one considers that in 1990 and 1991, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men admitted to higher education outnumbered their female peers by more than two to one and more than three to one respectively.”
Dr Khattab added: “One reason for this is that Muslim women, especially those planning to become economically active after leaving school, understand that they are likely to face labour market penalties due to widespread stereotypes and racism, perhaps more so than Muslim men.
“This can reinforce their determination to obtain higher education qualifications not only as good as those of the majority group but even better, in order to resist the anticipated labour market discrimination preventing them from achieving a desired job.
“It is possible that Muslim women who are British born, unlike their mothers, have undergone a cultural transformation.”
Dr Khattab and Professor Modood also found that the reason that Muslims overall were less likely to have degrees and attend an elite university than white people was due to their falling behind at primary school. When they adjusted the data statistically to remove that initial deficit, they found that in secondary school they performed as well as white students, and were catching up when they took GCSEs.
“Once we take the previous school performance into account, Muslim students seem to be performing as well as the majority group, even in attending elite Russell group universities.
“At the GCSE level, there was a clear advantaged among Muslims. This finding is striking given the well-established educational disadvantages among some Muslim ethnic groups, most notably Pakistanis and Bangladeshis.”