Healthy kidneys are exceptional filters. They keep blood cells and almost all large proteins (like albumin) in the blood, and filter waste products into the urine. In many forms of kidney disease, this filtration becomes inefficient, and large proteins like albumin enter the urine. This damages the kidneys, and is linked to diseases of other blood vessels, e.g. heart attacks. We are working to understand how kidneys keep albumin in the blood, how this process fails in kidney disease, aiming to find new ways to treat kidney diseases by restoring the kidney's normal filtration processes.