Mulberry FAQs: complete list

How do I start Mulberry? 

• To start Mulberry, double-click on its icon.

Mulberry uses the IMSP (Internet Message Support Protocol) to store its configuration files on a remote server rather than on the computer you are using. This means that you will be able to customise the interface settings and these will then remain the same even if you access your mailbox from another computer.

You will be asked for your username and password:

• Type your usual email username and password. Note that the OK button is greyed out until you type something into the username/password fields.

When Mulberry first opens it has two windows - a Servers window and your inbox containing your incoming mailbox. The diagram below shows the servers window.

If you have reconfigured Mulberry, your windows may differ from those shown below.

The Servers window lists the servers/accounts and mailboxes available to you and should contain your Post Office (the mail server on which your email is stored).

You should see several mailboxes. Mailboxes are the second level of organisation of your mail. Incoming mail is stored in the mailbox called 'inbox'. You can create new mailboxes to store messages on a remote system or, in some cases, on your PC (although this is not recommended).

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What is the server window? 

When Mulberry first opens it has two windows - a Servers window and your inbox containing your incoming mailbox. The diagram below shows the servers window.

If your inbox fails to open when you login, please see the email documentation area.

• Click on the plus sign (+) to expand (open and display the contents of) an account or mailbox.
• Click on the minus sign (-) to collapse (close) an account or mailbox.

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What is Mulberry? 

Mulberry is an application that allows you to use electronic mail (email). It is available for Windows, Apple Macintosh and Unix.

It is important that you keep the password on the IMSP server the same as that on your Post Office. If your email is delivered to a system other than the central staff or student systems (staff-imap-srv or student-imap-srv), see Changing passwords  for how to change your password on different systems.

Further information and installation instructions can be found on the web in Mulberry at the University of Bristol.

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How do I send an email? 

• To draft a message click the Draft button.

The Draft window is displayed.

Use the Tab key or the mouse to move between the text entry boxes.

When sending email you must fill in:

To:

the email address of the person(s) to whom you are sending mail, for example F.J.Bloggs@bristol.ac.uk

You should also fill in:

Subject:

a brief description of the message contents

Message:

the text of the message itself

Optionally you may also supply:

Cc: (Carbon copy)

the address of the person(s) to whom a copy of the message should be sent

Bcc: (Blind carbon copy)

the same as Cc: except that these addresses are not included in the message header when the mail is sent (useful for sending a copy to yourself to store in a folder)

You can send a message at once or store it in a mailbox to be sent later.

• To send the message, click on the Send button.
• If you decide not to send the message immediately, use the drop down box to the right of Copy to and choose the mailbox you wish to save your unfinished message to. Click on the Copy button and select OK. Close the Draft window without clicking on Send. You can then open the message from the selected mailbox later and the draft message will be automatically opened in a Draft window so that you can continue to send it.

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How do I add/change a signature? 

When you draft a message, it is usual to sign off your message with a standard signature containing such information as your name, contact name and address details. Mail clients allow you to create a signature that is used every time you create a message to avoid you having to retype it each time.

At the time of registration a basic signature file is created for you. The notes below explain what you need to do if you have accidentally removed it or wish to update it.

To create a signature:

• From the File menu, select Preferences.
• Click on Simple (unless it is already selected).
• Click on the Signature button.
• Enter the information you want to appear at the end of each message you send.
  It is recommended that you keep this as short as possible, preferably no more than 3 or 4 lines.
• Click on OK.

If you accidentally delete a signature whilst drafting a message:

• Click on the Signature button in the draft window (to the right of the Identity box).

It is also possible to create several 'Identities' each with different signatures, for example if you wish to use a short signature for internal use but include a full postal address when corresponding with external bodies.

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How do I use a mailto: link? 

Some web pages include links to people's email addresses. If you are browsing the Web using a browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape, it is possible to set up Mulberry to open automatically whenever you use such a link. To ensure mailto: links work within Mulberry, follow the instructions given below (note that the page starts with instructions for Mac users - Windows users need to scroll down to the relevant section).

Mulberry v3

Mulberry v3 now includes a capability to make it the default mailto handling application on either Mac OS or Windows. Just answer OK if you receive a prompt when starting Mulberry. If it's not already the default, and you do not receive a prompt on startup, go to the Attachment/Sending preferences panel and turn on 'Check for mailto URL Handling on Startup'. Then restart Mulberry and answer OK when prompted.

Mac OS

Internet Explorer

Follow the Mulberry v3 instructions above. If that does not work, do the following:

1. Open the 'Internet Config' application
2. Click on the 'Helpers' button
3. Check the list to see if there is an existing 'mailto' application listed
   • If there is one, double-click it to edit the existing entry.
     • Click on the 'Choose Helper' button and locate Mulberry.
     • Click 'OK'.
   • If there is no existing 'mailto' entry, click the 'Add' button.
     • Enter 'mailto' in the text field 'Helper For:'.
     • Click on the 'Choose Helper' button and locate Mulberry.
     • Click 'OK'.
4. Close the 'Helpers' window.
5. Quit Internet Config
6. Internet Explorer should now use Mulberry whenever a mailto URL is clicked.

Windows

Internet Explorer

Follow the Mulberry v3 instructions above. If that does not work, do the following:

1. Start Internet Explorer.
2. Open the 'Options' dialog box.
3. Click the 'Programs' tab.
4. Select 'Mulberry' from the 'Mail' popup.
5. Click OK.
6. Internet Explorer should now use Mulberry whenever a mailto URL is clicked.

Opera

Follow the Mulberry v3 instructions above. If that does not work, do the following:

1. Open Opera's Preferences via its File menu.
2. Switch to the E-mail panel under the Programs and paths section.
3. Click the 'Use default e-mail client on computer' option. That should show Mulberry in the box below it.
4. Click OK to exit the preferences.

If that does not work, try the following:

1. Open Opera's Preferences via its File menu.
2. Switch to the E-mail panel under the Programs and paths section.
3. Click the 'Use specific e-mail client' option.
4. Click 'Choose' and locate your copy of Mulberry on disk.
5. Enter the following AFTER the mulberry.exe pathname added in step 4 (note you need to add the double-quotes around the following text into the field as well):

"mailto:%t?subject=%s&body=%m"

Click OK to exit the preferences.

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How do I prepare a message? 

• type a message directly into the message area in the Draft window
• copy and paste text from another application (for example by highlighting the text, pressing Ctrl/c to copy it, clicking in the message area in the Draft window, then pressing Ctrl/v to paste the copied text)
• from the File menu, click on Import Text to insert text from an existing ascii (text only) file

However you prepare the message text, unless you are sure that your correspondent is using a mail program that can handle other characters, you should be careful to use only standard 7-bit ASCII characters. The most likely other characters to be inserted are pound signs (£) and the curly quotes substituted for straight quotes by Microsoft Word. To format a message that contains lines that are too long, from the Draft menu choose Wrap Lines.

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How do I send an attachment? 

You can attach text or non-text files (such as word processor documents or spreadsheets) to your message.

• To attach a file, click on the Attach button and select the file to be attached.

Before sending a particular type of file to someone, you should first check that they have access to an application that will be able to read it.

It is not a good idea to send large email attachments. If you have a large file to send to someone, save the file on the web and send the intended recipient the file's location. The University's Facility for the Upload of Large Files (fluff) provides a useful way of doing this. See the Facility for the Upload of Large Files for further information.

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How do I read messages? 

In the list of messages in each mailbox, the status of messages is shown by an indicator displayed in the Flags column of your mailbox list, such as in the image below.

A bulldog clip in the Attachments column indicates that a message has one or more attachments.

• To read a message, double-click on it in the list of messages.

Mulberry opens the message in a new window.

• Click on the Down arrow to display the next message or the Up arrow to display the previous message in the mailbox.
• Click on the Delete button to delete the message. It is marked as deleted and you are returned to the list of messages in your mailbox.

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How do I look at web pages? 

This page describes how you can make Mulberry open your desired web browser when http or https URL links are clicked inside a message.

Mac OS

For any browser

To have http links in Mulberry open your desired web browser when you click on them, do the following (this is for Mac OS 8 and later):

1. Open the 'Internet' Control Panel
2. Click on the 'Advanced' tab. If this not present then you need to change the 'User Mode', via the Edit menu, to 'Advanced'.
3. Click on the 'Helper Apps' icon in the left pane.
4. Look for an entry with a type of 'http'
   • If there is one, double-click it to edit the existing entry.
     • Click on the 'Select' button and locate your desired web browser.
     • Click 'OK'.
   • If there is no existing 'http' entry, click the 'Add' button.
     • Enter 'http' in the text field 'Type'.
     • Click on the 'Select' button and locate your desired web browser.
     • Click 'OK'.
5. You should repeat the last step for the 'https' protocol, replacing 'http' by 'https' wherever it occurs.
6. Close the 'Internet' Control Panel.
7. Mulberry should now use your chosen web browser whenever a mailto http or https link is clicked.

Windows

Internet Explorer

To have http links in Mulberry open the 'Internet Explorer' web browser when you click on them, do the following:

1. Launch 'Internet Explorer'.
2. Go to 'Internet Options' dialog
3. Switch to the 'Programs' tab
4. Turn on the 'Internet Explorer should check to see whether it is the default browser' checkbox
5. Exit 'Internet Explorer'
6. Launch 'Internet Explorer' again
7. It should now prompt to make it the default browser - answer yes.
8. Mulberry should now use your chosen web browser whenever a mailto http or https link is clicked.

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How do I sort mail? 

You can sort mail by date sent, date received, sender, recipient, subject or various other headings. By default, it is sorted by arrival with the most recently arrived message last. To change the sort order:

• Click on the ascending/descending button ( or ) on the right hand side of the mailbox window.
  Hint: if this button is not displayed, expand your window (wider) until it appears.

• To sort by an alternative heading, click on the heading you want to sort by (for example, From/To in the illustration below).

• Right-click on a current heading and select Insert Column After/Before. A new column, containing the message number is inserted.
• Right click on the # and select the heading you wish to display.
• Click on the heading to sort by this detail.

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What is threading? 

If you reply to a message, your reply can be displayed with the original message. This is known as threading and can be useful to group messages in one "conversation".

To thread your messages:

• Click on the Thread heading.

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How do I look at attachments? 

An image of a bulldog clip identifies which messages in your mailbox contain attachments. Attachments to a message appear as parts to the message and are listed between the message header and the message content (text).

• To display the parts contained in a message, click on the arrow to the left of the Parts section (immediately above the message content).
• Double-click on the attachment you wish to view.

If the attachment is recognised by your computer, an appropriate application will run automatically to open the file.

Please note: attachments, including Word documents and Excel spreadsheets, can be infected by viruses. To avoid infecting your PC, keep the anti-virus precautions on your computer up-to-date. See the Anti Virus page for advice on recommended anti-virus software and documentation for PCs.

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How do I print a message? 

Messages are printed using the Windows printer.

• To print the displayed message or those currently selected in the message organiser, from the File menu select Print.
• Select a different printer (if desired) and click on OK.
• To change the orientation (portrait or landscape) for printed messages, from the File menu choose Page Setup.
• To change the typeface and size of printed messages, from the File menu choose Preferences and select Advanced.
• Click on the Fonts tab and change the font in the Printed text (and/or Print Captions) boxes.

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How do I reply to a message? 

• Click on the Reply button.

A Reply To window is opened asking you to confirm the recipients of your reply. Check or uncheck the To, Cc and Bcc columns as required. Hint: if there are a large number of addresses and you only want to reply to the original sender, click on None and then click in the To column for the one address you require.

• Select Selection or Entire Message under the Quote section.
  Caution: if you selected part of the message before clicking on the Reply button, the default is to quote only that part when replying. In particular, if you click on a web link and then return to a message to create a reply, only the URL will be quoted in your reply unless you select Entire Message at this point.
  
• Click on Create Reply.

A Reply window similar to the Draft window is opened containing the original message text.

The recipient and Subject: fields are completed automatically.

To add additional recipients, enter their addresses in the To, Cc and Bcc fields as required.

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How do I forward a message? 

To forward the message to someone other than the originator of the message:

• Click on the Forward button. The Forward Message dialog box appears asking you to choose which forward options you require.
• Forwarding the message as an attachment can be useful as the person receiving the forwarded message is able to reply directly to the original message (assuming they are using a mail program with similar features to Mulberry). Select either Forward Message as Attachment or Quote Original and click on OK.
• You can add your own message to the original. Delete any lines that are irrelevant to your reply to save building up very long messages.

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How do I save messages? 

Messages can be saved in individual files on the PC, or moved to mailboxes. Mailboxes are stored in the Post Office.

Saving an individual message to a text file

• To save the entire message, including its headers, text and any attachments, select the message then from the File menu click on Save. You are asked where to save the message text.
• To save the text of the message only, from the File menu select Preferences and Advanced. Click on the Messages tab and Options. Unselect the Put Message Header in File when Saving option, click on OK and save the message as before.
• To save an attachment, display the message parts as above and right-click on the attachment. Select Extract Parts.

Moving a message to a mailbox

• Select the message or messages that you want to move to a mailbox, then drag them from their current location to the destination mailbox in the Servers window. Once there, they are marked as deleted in the original mailbox (for example, your inbox).

If you have a lot of messages (or a lot of folders) it can be difficult to drag and drop messages to the right folder. In this case, after selecting the message(s), from the Messages menu select Copy to mailbox and Choose. The Browse Mailbox dialog box lists your mailboxes and allows you to create new mailboxes.

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How do I find a message? 

To search your inbox:

• From the Servers window, select the inbox (by double-clicking to open the inbox in a new window).
• Click on the Search icon.
• Fill in the dialog box fields and click on Search.

It is possible to use more complex criteria for message groups. Click on the More Choices button to add an 'and' or 'or' condition.

In this example, messages that have Fred's mailname in the "From" field that have not been marked as seen (that is, they are unread) will be displayed in the Search.

To save a search for later use:

• Click on the arrow beside Search Set.
• Choose Save As, enter a name (for example Fred's messages) and click on OK.

Search and Match

To use a previously saved search or match messages by a given criteria:

• In the Message index window, click on the Match button.
• Click on the arrow located to the right of the Match button and select your search name from the list (or choose one of the existing options).
• Make more complex selections by using the Not, Or, And options and (un)selecting options in the list.

Only the messages that meet the search criteria are displayed. To remove the search criteria:

• Click on the arrow again and select None.
• Click on the All button.

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How do I delete messages? 

It is important to delete messages from your inbox, both to avoid filling up the filespace in your Post Office and to speed up Mulberry's operation, particularly when starting up.

• Click on the Delete button to delete the highlighted message(s) or mailbox.
  Messages are marked as deleted (they are crossed out in your mailbox) but remain in your mailbox until the mailbox is Expunged and therefore do not release any filespace.
• Click on the Expunge button to remove the deleted messages from your filespace.

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What is IMSP? 

Mulberry uses IMSP (Internet Message Support Protocol) to allow users to store their Mulberry configurations, address books and rules on an IMSP server instead of on the local computer. In fact on most systems, using the default Mulberry installation, you must store your configuration on the main Bristol IMSP server (imsp-srv.bris.ac.uk). Using an IMSP server in this way allows you to use Mulberry with the same configuration, address books and rules from any computer with Mulberry installed on it (or with access to Mulberry). Address books can be shared with other people registered on the IMSP server.

To save the configuration on an IMSP server:

• From the File menu choose Preferences.
• Under Storage, check that Remote is selected.
• Click on Save Default.

It is strongly recommended that you keep the username and password the same on the IMSP server and the Post Office. If you are registered on the central staff or student mail servers this will already be the case as you will only require a single (UOB) password in order to use Mulberry.

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How do I change my IMSP setup? 

If you are using an installation other than that recommended by Information Services, or are using departmental mail services, you may need to check the IMSP settings. To do this:

• From the Preferences dialog box, click on Advanced.
• Select the Accounts tab.
• Using the drop-down box to the right of Account, select IMSP.
• Select Server and fill in the name of the IMSP server (usually imsp-srv.bris.ac.uk).
• Select Authenticate and fill in your username.
• Under Secure, select STARTTLS - TLSv1 (to ensure that a secure connection is made between Mulberry and the IMSP server).
• Select Options and check Use Remote Preferences at Startup.
• Click on Simple and Save Default as above.

It is strongly recommended that you keep the username and password the same on the IMSP server and the Post Office. If you are registered on the central staff or student mail servers this will already be the case as you will only require a single (UOB) password in order to use Mulberry.

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How do I change my Mulberry password? 

It is not possible to change your password using Mulberry. The main staff and student Post Offices (staff-imap-srv.bris.ac.uk and student-imap-srv.bris.ac.uk) are accessed using your UOB account details (username and password). You can change this password using the web form at https://wwws.cse.bris.ac.uk/cgi-bin/uob-passwd.pl.

For most other Post Offices on Unix systems (for example, umail.bris.ac.uk) you must log in to the Unix host to change your password (see link below). If you change your Post Office password, you must also change your IMSP server password to match.

See also Changing passwords

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How do I know where to send an email to? 

Address books are used to keep a list of individual names and mail addresses. If you are registered on an IMSP server, you can share your address books with other people. See the on-line help for details of how to set up and use address books.

If you don't know somebody's email address there are a number of Directory Services but, unfortunately, no single comprehensive directory. If you can't find somebody in one directory, try another. If all else fails, write or telephone to ask them (or get them to send you a message so that you can reply to that).

Mulberry allows you to search the LDAP directory (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), a world-wide electronic directory containing information about many people and organisations, including email addresses.

To view the LDAP Directory from within Mulberry:

• From the Addresses menu, choose Search.
• Under Find Items select Using LDAP.

• Type the Full Name or other details about the individual you are searching for. Use the drop-down boxes to search by other criteria.
• Click on the Search button.

You may find that if you do not find anything, you have the name in the wrong form - if you cannot find Fred Bloggs, try F Bloggs, or Bloggs, F.

• If their details are found, you can mail them by clicking once on their details and clicking on the Draft button. You are then asked to choose which one of the To, Cc or Bcc fields you wish to use.

There is also a contact directory of staff, students and departments in the University of Bristol on the Web.

• Using a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, from the University's Home page follow the link Making Contact.

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How do I make Mulberry login at startup? 

After the initial Mulberry login screen, a separate action is required to login to the post office (IMAP server) where your messages are delivered and stored. If this action is no longer performed automatically:

• From the File menu, select Preferences.

If you receive your email on the central staff server (staff-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk):

• Check the "Login on Startup" box.
• Click on OK.

If you receive your mail on a different server:

• Using the Mail Server box, replace the server name with the appropriate fully qualified domain name (for example, for the CSe server use imap-srv.cse.bris.ac.uk).
• Click on the Advanced button.

You will be presented with a screen displaying additional preferences.

• Using the drop-down box (to the right of Account), select Rename.
• Enter an appropriate name for your mail server.
• Click on Simple to return to the simple preferences screen.
• Check the "Login on Startup" box.
• Click on OK.

You should now be back at the Servers window.

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My inbox doesn't open when I login 

To open your INBOX when you start Mulberry:

• From the Servers window, double click the INBOX (not INBOX.) and your INBOX will be opened.
• Bring the Servers window back in focus and select INBOX (not INBOX.).
• Click on the Details button to display the properties for the inbox.
• Check the "Open after Login" box.

• Click on OK.

From now on, your INBOX will be opened up for you when you start Mulberry.

To configure Mulberry to check for new mail automatically:

• Select 'Check for New Mail with Style'.

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Where is my email stored? 

Electronic mail (email) is used for communication between people who use computers. It is the computer equivalent of the paper mailboxes where messages (memos, letters, agendas, minutes, etc) are deposited in a pigeon hole for later collection.

Mail sent to you arrives in your personal Post Office located on one of the multi-user computer systems in the University (normally a Unix system, such as staff-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk or student-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk). This storage space for your mail is allocated to you when you register for mail. Mulberry runs on your desktop computer (for example, a PC) or the departmental server you are using and enables you to read mail in your mailbox on this Post Office and send mail messages to other people.

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What do I need to use email? 

To use email you need to be registered to receive mail on a multi-user system. When you are registered you will be given:

• a username and password for that multi-user system. Do not give your username and password to others.
• an electronic mail address (for example, Pat.Brown@bristol.ac.uk). Give your mail address to those who you want to send mail to you.

For further information about email, how to register for mail, and about email addresses see Overview of electronic mail (linked below).

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What are all these things in the Servers window? 

Mulberry uses a hierarchy to organise your mail:

• Servers (for example staff-imap-srv, the staff post office) containing
  • Mailboxes (for example inbox) containing
    • individual messages
    • sub-mailboxes (mailboxes nested beneath mailboxes)
  • Cabinets (for organising a selection of the servers or mailboxes that you use, for example New Messages, listing messages received either in your inbox or on shared mailboxes that you have access to).
  • Click on the plus sign (+) to expand (open and display the contents of) an account or mailbox.
  • Click on the minus sign (-) to collapse (close) an account or mailbox.

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How can I arrange Mulberry windows to suit me? 

There are several different ways of arranging windows within Mulberry. Generally, if you click on the plus sign next to a server, mailbox etc, it opens in the same window. To close the object again, click on the minus sign which will now be visible. If you double-click on the icon or the name itself, the contents are listed in a new window. Within Mulberry each window can be manipulated independently of any others (that is, resized, moved around the screen or closed). If you are not familiar with this method of working from other Windows applications, this can be confusing. Here are some tips:

• You can work in only one window at a time (the active window) and the commands available to you depend on which window is currently active. You can tell which is the active window by looking at that window's title bar - it appears in a different colour or is shaded.

You can lay out the Mulberry screen to suit yourself. Experiment to find out your own preferences. Mulberry should remember the layout of the windows next time you start up.

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I accidentally deleted my signature whilst drafting a long message 

If you accidentally delete a signature whilst drafting a message:

• Click on the Signature button in the draft window (to the right of the Identity box).

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How do I use the spell checker? 

You can check the spelling of messages before you send them:

• From the Draft window click the Spelling button.

The first time you run Mulberry on any individual computer you will need to choose your dictionary:

• Select the Main Spell Checking Dictionary from the drop-down list (for example, British English).
• Click on OK.

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How do I save copies of the email I send? 

It is possible to save copies of all outgoing mail. You may find this useful if you want to keep track of your mail for later reference. To do this:

• From the File menu, choose Preferences.
• Select Simple (if not already selected).
• Select Copy Outgoing Messages (at the bottom of the Preferences window).
• Click on the arrow to the right of the Default box and choose any mailbox, for example your inbox.

You may wish to create a new mailbox to store your outgoing mail. To do this, select Choose Later and click on the Create button.

If you do choose to save all outgoing messages, make sure you regularly tidy it, deleting mail that you no longer need. Otherwise, you could find that you use up your filespace allocation very quickly.

Instead of saving all outgoing messages you may choose to save particular ones. To do this, before clicking on the Send button, select a mailbox under Copy to. You should also use this option if you wish to suspend the drafting of a message for a while and save a draft copy in this manner.

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How do I get back an email I have deleted? 

So long as you have not exited from Mulberry or used the Expunge button since the message was deleted:

• Locate and select the message you wish to recover.
• Click on the Undelete button. The message is now restored.

Note: if you cannot read a message that has been marked for deletion, check the settings under File/Preferences/Advanced/Message/Options - 'Allow Deleted Messages to be Opened' should be selected.

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How do I end Mulberry? 

• From the File menu, choose Exit.

• Click the Close box () in the top right-hand corner of the window.

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How can I tidy up my mailbox? 

Mailboxes are used to store messages in an organised manner. New messages are stored in the inbox as they arrive. Once you have read and (if necessary) acted on messages in the inbox, you should either delete them or move them to another mailbox for storage.

When you want to save a message for later reference, move it to another mailbox; this prevents your inbox from becoming cluttered.

If you have used other mail clients previously, such as Simeon or Execmail, you may be familiar with storing mail messages in folders. Mulberry refers to these folders as mailboxes.

If the mailbox already exists:

• Select the message from the message list and drag it to the mailbox name.

If the mailbox does not exist:

• With the message header selected or the message opened in the Viewer window, from the Messages menu, select Copy to Mailbox and Choose to display the Browse Mailbox dialog box.
• With Inbox selected, click on the Create button. A further dialog box asks for the name of the Mailbox to create. Type a name for the mailbox. This could be the name of a person, group, activity or any name that describes the type of message that you are going to store in this mailbox, for example Rita_Smith, wtp-grp, tutorials. The name can contain hyphens and underline characters, but not full stops or spaces.
• Click on OK to create the mailbox, then on OK again to save the message in the new mailbox.

The message is marked as deleted in the original mailbox once it has been moved.

To look at messages stored in a mailbox:

• Double-click on the name of the mailbox you want to open. A new window is opened containing only the messages stored in that mailbox. Any mailboxes stored beneath this one will not be displayed in this window; see hierarchical mailboxes.

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How do I nest mailboxes? 

If your Post Office supports hierarchical mailboxes (as is the case with the central staff and student IMAP servers), you can nest mailboxes. For example, you could create an Archive mailbox containing additional mailboxes in order to save older messages.

• To create a mailbox within an existing one, highlight the name of the containing mailbox then, from the Mailboxes menu choose Create. Alternatively use the method described above, selecting the containing mailbox before clicking on Create in the Browse Mailbox dialog box.

To look at mailboxes contained within a given mailbox:

• Click on the small plus sign next to its name.

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How do I save a message as a file? 

• With the message header selected or the message opened in the Viewer window, from the File menu click on Save. A Save dialog box is displayed and you can specify the path and name for the file as usual.

This saves the entire message, including the message headers. To save messages without message headers:

• From the File menu, select Preferences and ensure that the Advanced option is selected.
• Select the Messages tab and click on Options.
• Remove the tick from Put Message Header in File when saving.

All messages saved from this point on will be saved without the headers.

Multiple messages can be saved to a single file using the method described and following the displayed options.

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How do I save a message attachment to disk? 

• With the message displayed, from the list of Parts select the attachment you wish to save.
• Using the right mouse button, select Extract Parts. A Save dialog box is displayed and you can specify the path and name for the file as usual.

You will be warned if the file size is 'large' and asked if you wish to continue. To define the size of a large message attachment:

• From the File menu, select Preferences and Advanced.
• Choose the Message tab and select General.
• Under Warn when Opening a Message Bigger than, enter a suitable value in the Size box.

If you do not want to be prompted for a directory when saving an attachment:

• From the File menu, select Preferences and Advanced.
• Choose the Attachments tab and select Receiving.
• Enter a suitable location into the Use Default Location box.

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How can I avoid 'the part you are about to extract is large'? 

When displaying an attachment, you will be warned if the file size is 'large' and asked if you wish to continue. To define the size of a large message attachment:

• From the File menu, select Preferences and Advanced.
• Choose the Message tab and select General.
• Under Warn when Opening a Message Bigger than, enter a suitable value in the Size box.

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How do I share my mailbox with someone else? 

On IMAP 4 Post Offices (such as staff-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk and student-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk), you can allow other people who have accounts on the same Post Office to have access to your mailboxes. You can restrict access to read only, or give varying amounts of control over the mailbox. To share a mailbox:

• From the Servers window, highlight the name of the mailbox you want to share.
• Display the properties of that mailbox by clicking on the Details button, then click on the Access Control List tab to display the access permissions for that mailbox.
• Click on New User and type the username of the person that you want to be able to access the mailbox, then click on OK. Choose the appropriate permissions for the username from the available graphical options (using the Key displayed on the right hand side). Lookup, Read and Seen will allow the user to locate the mailbox, read messages and mark them as seen, without affecting other users.

Note that Mulberry does not check whether the username you type is valid on the Post Office, so always check carefully that you have set up sharing correctly. You can also give access so anyone who has an account on the Post Office where the mailbox is stored can read a particular mailbox. To do this:

• In the Access Control List dialog box, add the New User anybody then choose the appropriate permissions (usually Read only) from the options.
• If you want to prevent access by the anonymous user, in the Access Control List dialog box, add the New User -anonymous then choose the Lookup permission.

A further possibility is to set access for everyone in a particular group. People registered on staff-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk are allocated to groups according to their departments and so you could, for example, give access to all members of staff in your department who are registered on the Post Office where the mailbox is stored. To set access for a group:

• In the Access Control List dialog box, add the New User group:gname where 'gname' is the groupname assigned to the group.

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How do I select a particular group of messages? 

• Using Search/Select
• Using Match

Using Search/Select

To select a group of messages that have a particular 'flag' set (or unset) or that match (or do not match) the current search criteria, use the drop-down arrow to the right of Select. For example to select all the messages that you have replied to:

• Click on the arrow to the right of Select
• Choose one of the available options (in this case, Answered)

To unselect these messages:

• Click on a single message in the mailbox

Using Match

To select a criteria to match messages to, use the drop-down arrow to the right of Match. For example, to select all the messages in the search criteria 'Tagged As Spam':

• Click on the arrow to the right of Match
• Choose one of the available options (in this case, 'Tagged As Spam')
  The messages matching the criteria are highlighted
• Click on the Match button to limit the mailbox display to only these messages

To display all the messages in the mailbox:

• Click on All

To remove the highlighting on the selected messages:

• Select the drop-down list to the right of Match
• Click on None

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Is there a quick way of finding an email address? 

When you are drafting a message, Mulberry will search your address book and the LDAP directory (Lightweight Directory Address Protocol) and suggest possible email addresses for you.

• From the draft window, type the surname of the person (within the University) that you wish to contact
• Press the <TAB> key
• Choose the address you wish to use

If the above method does not work, you will need to do the following steps (they need only be done once):

• From the File menu, select Preferences
• Select Advanced
• Click on the Accounts tab
• From the drop-down menu under Account, select LDAP
• Click on the Options tab
• Select 'Use with Address Expansion'
• Select Simple
• Click on OK to save these changes

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How do I add an address book entry? 

Mulberry allows you to save mail addresses in one or more address books that are stored on the remote IMSP server. Once saved, you can either use a short nick name stored with the address as a quick way of filling in the To field when composing a message, or open the address book and drag addresses into the message To, Cc or Bcc fields.

To open the Address Book Manager:

• From the Addresses menu select Address Book Manager.

You should see a single icon, the address book server (IMSP). You can open this by clicking on the sign. You should then see an icon labelled with your username, indicating your address book.

To open your address book:

• Double-click on your username.

The first 2 buttons on the toolbar can be used to show or hide entries for individuals or groups. Make sure that Single is selected. The diagram below shows both Single and Group entries displayed - the Groups window is displayed beneath that of the Single entries.

Adding an address

To add a person's email address to an address book:

• Open the address book you wish to add the person's name to, as above.
• Check to make sure that the person does not already have an entry. Use the drop down boxes under Sort and Show to help you locate individual entries.
• Click in the Single window.
• Click on the New button.
• Fill in the dialog box with details of the address. If you specify a nick name for the address, you can use this in a To, Cc or Bcc field when drafting messages, rather than having to type their full address.

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How do I create a group of mail addresses? 

You can create groups of mail addresses in Mulberry to make it easier to mail the same group of people repeatedly. This method is suitable for creating a small mailing list that only you will use.

To create a group of addresses in Mulberry:

• Open the address book where you want the group to be added.
• Click in the Groups window.
• Click on the New button.
• Fill in the dialog box with details of the group. If you specify a nick name for the group, you can use this in a To, Cc or Bcc field when drafting messages, rather than having to type their full address.
• Enter the email addresses of the individuals you wish to include in the group, pressing Enter between each one.

To add entries to an existing group:

• Drag and drop entries from the Single window to the appropriate group in the Groups window.

Note that the entries in a group do not always appear individually in the address book as well. If you delete an entry in the address book, a corresponding entry in the group will not disappear. Similarly, if you delete an entry from a group, the corresponding entry in the address book remains.

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How do I use the address book? 

When drafting a message, you can drag entries from the open address book to the To, Cc or Bcc boxes as required.

Alternatively, you can select the address(es) from the address book and click on the Draft button. From the Create Draft To window, select To, Cc or Bcc for each mail address as required.

If you have set a nick name for the address or group, you can use this in the To, Cc or Bcc box instead of a mail address. Mulberry searches the address books for the nick name and replaces it with the mail address(es). If this does not work, it may be because the address book is not set up to search.

• To check this, select the address book in the Address Book Manager.
• Click on the Details button in the toolbar.
• From the General tab, if Use for Nick-Names and Use for Searching and Expansion are not selected, select them.

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How do I capture an email address? 

Instead of typing all the details for an address book entry, you can store the email address of the sender of an existing message.

• Make sure the address book is open.
• Put the cursor in the From or Cc field of a message you are reading.
• Right click the mouse and select Copy to Address Book.

The new entry contains the name and email address in the From header of the message. You can edit the entry, for example to add a nick name, by double-clicking on the name.

If the message only contained the email address and not a Full Name, you will need to close the address book and reopen it before making any changes.

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Mulberry can't find the (LDAP) directory 

• From the File menu choose Preferences and Advanced.
• Select the Accounts tab and from Account select LDAP.
• The Server should be ldap.bris.ac.uk.

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Can I have more than one address book? 

To create a new address book:

• Select IMSP from the Address Book Manager.
• Click on the New button (first button on the toolbar).
• In the Create Address Book dialog box, type a name for the address book. Note that the name cannot include any spaces or upper case characters. The full address book name will be your username with the name you type appended.
• Check that Use for Nick-Names and Use for Searching and Expansion are selected so that the address book is searched when nick names are used.

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Can others use my personal address books? 

As address books are stored on the IMSP server (imsp-srv.bris.ac.uk), you can share your address books with other people (providing they are also registered on the IMSP server). You can restrict access to read only, or allow people to add new addresses, or give them full administrative permission.

To share an address book:

• From the Address Book Manager, highlight the name of the address book you want to share.
• Display the book's details by clicking on the Details button, then the Access Control List tab.
• Click on the New User button.
• In the New User ACL box, type the IMSP username of the people that you want to be able to access the address book, then click on OK.
• Select the appropriate permissions for each username using the Key on the right of the Access Control List.
• Use the on-line help for definitions of these options (click first on the ? symbol and then on the Key).

Note that Mulberry does not check whether the username you type is a valid registered username, so always check carefully that you have typed it correctly.

Once someone else has given you access to one of their address books, it automatically appears in the list of address books in your Address Book Manager.

A further possibility is to set access for everyone in a particular group. People registered on staff-imap-srv.bristol.ac.uk are allocated to groups according to their departments and so you could, for example, give access to all members of staff in your department who are registered on the Post Office where the mailbox is stored. To set access for a group:

• In the Access Control List dialog box, add the New User group:gname where 'gname' is the groupname assigned to the group.

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How do I approve Majordomo requests using Mulberry? 

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What are Mulberry identities and how do I use them? 

When you send a mail message, various parts of that message identify you as the sender. Your 'from address' and the signature at the foot of the message is part of that identity.

Default identity

When you draft a message, the Identities box displays the current identity in use (usually Default). A signature for your default identity is inserted automatically into the message. Mulberry also provides an Insert Signature button (next to the Identities box), allowing you to insert the signature associated with the current identity should you need to.

In many cases, the default identity is all that the email user requires.

Multiple identities

Some email users may find it useful to have more than one identity. For example, you may have one signature that you use when emailing colleagues or peers within the University and another when sending messages to external contacts. In the latter case, you may wish to include your full postal address which would be unnecessary if only mailing a copy of a report to the person in the desk next to you!

If you used shared mailboxes, you might like to set up a separate identity not only with a different signature but perhaps also with a different 'reply to' address. For example, if you are drafting messages as a member of a University society, you will want the message to appear as sent from that society and any replies to your message in that capacity to be sent to that address in preference to your personal mail address.

Creating an identity

From the University's Regulations for the use of computer facilities:

Users may not pass themselves off as another person when
sending electronic mail, posting to Usenet or making information available on-line in any other way.

• From the Identities box (in the diagram above) click on Default and select New Identity.
  The Edit Identity dialog box is displayed.
• Enter a name for the new identity and complete the required boxes in the From / Reply-to / Options and Outgoing tabs as required. The diagrams below set up an identity for a fictional admin group:

M

• Finally, click on OK to create the new identity.
  The new identity will now appear in the identities box on your open draft message.

When the above identity is used, the message will appear from "Zenobiology admin department" and a blind carbon copy will be sent to the shared mailbox name zeno-admin. Replies to the message will be directed to the new from address (zeno-admin) and not to the personal mail address of the original sender. If you want to direct replies to an alternative address, specify this under the Reply-to tab.

Caution

When creating or modifying identities, it is essential that the From email address is specified correctly. For example, if Pat Brown (with the email address Pat.Brown@bristol.ac.uk) were to modify his/her default identity and accidentally type Pat.Browm@bristol.ac.uk, any email Pat sends will not be deliverable, nor would the mail hubs be able to return unsent messages to them with a warning. Whilst these messages will be passed to the postmaster mailbox where the postmaster are in a position to decode the heading and advise you of the problem, this may considerably delay the sending and receipt of your email.

When you create a new identity, send yourself a test message using it (see below).
If it arrives, reply to it and check that you receive the reply as well.

Using identities

• When drafting a message, simply click in the Identities box and select the identity you wish to use.
  The relevant signature and message headers will be used.

Tied identities

You can also tie an identity to a particular mailbox. For instance, in the example above you may like to tie the identity to the shared mailbox. When you draft a new message from or reply to a message in your own inbox (or mailboxes within it) the draft/reply window will use your default identity. However, whenever you select the shared mailbox (in this example zeno-admin) the identity Admin will be used.

• Locate the shared mailbox in the Servers window.
• Right click on the mailbox and select Details.
• Check the Tie Identity box and select the identity you want tied to this mailbox, as in the diagram below.

See also Regulations for the use of computer facilities

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Mulberry deletes the wrong message 

If your mail is sorted so that the most recently received messages appear at the top of your mailbox, it is extremely easy to inadvertently delete the wrong message.

The reason for this is that if a new message appears whilst you are viewing your mailbox, the position of any message you are viewing in your mailbox is shifted down one. If you select a message for deleting whilst a new message arrives, you may end up deleting the message above the one you intended.

It is therefore recommended that you leave your mail sorted so that the most recently received messages appear at the bottom of your mailbox.

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View Parts/Extract Parts options are not available 

Using the Messages menu, the View Parts and Extract Parts options are sometimes greyed out.

This behaviour has been confirmed as a bug.

When viewing an attachment (or saving it to disk), right-click on the part you wish to view/extract and choose the command from the context-sensitive menu that appears.

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How do I use SAMS to send mail from home?  

The 'Secure Authenticated Message Submission Service' (SAMS) provides a local message submission service (an SMTP server for e-mail) for members of the University who are accessing the local network from some other Internet Service Provider (ISP).

See also How do I configure Mulberry to use the service?

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Why am I having problems sending mail through the secure, authenticated SMTP gateway? 

If you're having problems when working from off-site, it may well be because your ISP is blocking outgoing connections to "smtp" ports. You should be able to get around this by reconfiguring Mulberry to use the standard "message submission" port instead of the "smtp" port. To do this, reconfigure your SMTP server changing it from smtp-auth.bris.ac.uk to smtp-auth.bris.ac.uk:587

Alternatively, if you have Norton Anti-Virus installed on your machine, you may see the following message when you try to send email:

SMTP server 'STARTTLS' command ref: 500 unsupported command.

If so, try the following:

1. Open Norton from your system tray by double-clicking its icon
2. Click "Options" on the top-middle of the Norton window
3. Choose "Norton Anti-Virus" if given the option
4. Click "Email" under "Internet" on the left side of the resulting window
5. Make sure the checkbox for "Scan outgoing Email (recommended)" is NOT checked
6. Press "OK" and try your email again

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How do I get Mulberry to open my address book(s) on startup? 

You will first need to update your Mulberry preferences to login to address books on startup and then use the Address Book manager to open the book(s) when you start Mulberry.

• From the File menu, select Preferences
• Click on Advanced (if necessary)
• Select the Accounts tab and then the IMSP (address book not config management) account from the drop down list of accounts
• Select the Options tab and check the 'Login on Startup' box

Using the address book manager window:

• Select the address book you wish to open on startup
• Click on the Info button (or right mouse click and select Properties)
• Check the Open on startup box
• Repeat for any other address books you want opened on startup

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Only the first To or Cc'd recipient is printed in the header/footer 

When printing messages in Mulberry, you can (to some extent) control what is printed on the header and footer of each page.

• Using File/Preferences/(Advanced), select the Outgoing/General tab and choose the Print Captions Set button
• Section 4.6.3 of the Mulberry Reference Guide (PDF, 840 KB) provides full details

However, setting the print captions to print the contents of the To: field of the message will only print the first recipient in a list.

The best way to work around this is to print the message with all of its headers. To do this:

1. Open the message
2. View all headers. You can do this by using one of the following methods:
   • Press <Alt><Ctrl><H> or
   • From the File menu, select Messages/Show headers or
   • Click on the 'headers' icon (in the message window next to 'Parts')
3. Print the message

The header and footer are unaffected by this; the full headers of the message will appear in the body of the print.

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How can Mulberry help me manage my spam (junk email)? 

• Create a mailbox (folder) in your University mail account called ‘possiblespam’:
  
  create a possiblespam folder in Mulberry
  use the spamtest form to check it
  
  Most junk email will be automatically filtered into the folder.

• Check the possiblespam folder occasionally, anything in it counts towards your mail quota and should be deleted. A few genuine messages may also be mistakenly tagged as spam.
• To turn off the feature, remove or rename the possiblespam folder.
• If any junk email does reach your mailbox, just delete it - don't reply.

See also How to deal with junk email (spam)

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What's this 'Full Sort' dialog that I see when opening a mailbox? 

Text produced by Cyrusoft:

By default, when Mulberry opens a mailbox it only downloads the message captions it needs to fill the current display area in the mailbox window. As you scroll, more captions are downloaded from the server as needed to fill the new areas of the display. This ensures that opening a mailbox is fast as the amount of data transferred over the network is small, opening a 10,000 message mailbox takes basically as long as opening a mailbox with 20 messages in it.

However, when the mailbox is sorted by a category other than the message number (which is the 'natural' sort order of the mailbox) all the message captions are required in order to calculate the sorted positions of the messages in the mailbox display. As a result Mulberry has to download all the message captions from the server. Before doing that Mulberry pops up the 'Full Sort' dialog which gives you the option of halting the sort and going back to message number sort which doesn't require a full caption download.

The threshold at which the full sort dialog is triggered is controlled by the 'Sort Warning' preference in the Mailbox>Advanced preferences panel in Mulberry. If the number of messages exceeds that limit, the warning will appear.

To prevent the alert from appearing, you can do several things:

• Switch sorting back to message number
• Reduce the number of messages in the mailbox by moving some to another mailbox, or by deleting and expunging unwanted messages
• Increase the 'Sort Warning' threshold in the preferences, but be aware that this may cause longer opening times when opening a mailbox.

Alternatively you can just live with it!

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How do I connect to another IMAP server? 

If you have an account on an IMAP server not listed in your Mulberry Servers window, you can create a connection to it as follows:

• From the File menu, select Preferences
• Select the Accounts tab (you may need to first select Advanced)
• Click on the drop down arrow to the right of Account and click on New
• Enter an Account name for the new connection (this text will later be displayed in the Servers window)
• Under Account Type, make sure that IMAP Mailbox is selected and click on OK
• Click in the Server field and enter the name of the server on which you have an IMAP mailbox. For example staff-imap-srv.bris.ac.uk or student-imap-srv.bris.ac.uk
• Select the Authenticate tab and enter your username on that server
• When connecting to a server at the University of Bristol, make sure that you also select STARTTLS-TLSv1 (under Secure)
• Click on Options and enter a full stop as the hierarchy separator (if you want this server to open whenever you start Mulberry, select the Login at Startup Box)
• Select Automatic Hierarchy List and click on OK

After a few moments, the new server connection should be displayed in Mulberry's Servers window. You may need to scroll up/down to see it.

• Click on the + sign to open the connection to the server
• Double-click on Inbox to see open it
• When prompted to choose Mailbox locations, select the ones you want (or <<Entire Hierarchy>>) and click on OK

If you need to delete the connection at any time, you must do this under the File/Preferences/Accounts tab.

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How do I delete attachments from messages? 

IMAP does not provide a way to directly delete attachments from an existing message - once a message is in a mailbox, it cannot be changed (expect for its flags) - only removed in its entirety.

However, there is a way in Mulberry to save a copy of the original message without the attachments you want to remove. Thus you could save the copy and then delete the original message, to effectively delete the attachments. You can use the following procedure to do this:

• Select the message you want to remove attachments from in the mailbox pane
• In Mulberry 3, use the 'Bounce' command from the Message menu to create a new 'bounce' draft
• In Mulberry 4, use the 'Redirect' command from the Message menu to create a new 'Redirect' draft
• Expand the Parts section in the draft and select each part you want to remove and hit the delete key on the keyboard
• Select the mailbox that contain the original message via the Copy to popup in the draft (or use the 'Choose' option in the popup)
• Use the 'Append Now' command in the Draft menu to save the modified 'bounce' draft to the mailbox (NB you may need to hold down the option/alt key when you do that to ensure the message is not saved as a draft - if it is simply remove the Draft flag after its been saved)
• You can now delete and expunge the original

Some things to note about this:

• The saved copy will appear at the end of the mailbox when sorted by message number.
• There will be some extra 'Resent-XXX' messages headers in the saved copy, but those won't affect how the message appears in Mulberry, or what happens if you try to reply or forward it.

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Why can't I send any mail? 

Check that the authentication method for sending is set as plain text and the security setting is Start TLS TLSv1.

Check that the smtp server is set as smtp-auth.bris.ac.uk:587

Screenshot: remote preferences screen shot showing Real Name Field and SMTP Server settings

Check in the Simple preferences that the ‘Real Name’ field is correctly formatted and that only the Bristol account name is used. If your name contains any punctuation marks (eg John Smith, Geography), your name must have inverted commas around it.

Screenshot: remote preferences screen shot showing SMTP Server settings

Check that the smtp server is set as smtp-auth.bris.ac.uk:587

If you encounter a delivery problem that you cannot resolve yourself you can forward the returned message for advice to help-desk@bristol.ac.uk (the help desk), including a short explanation as to why you are forwarding the message.

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On linux, how do I set the default print command in the print dialog box? 

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How do I stop certificate errors? 

Mulberry downloaded from this site will have the certificate already included, but if for some reason it has been removed you can add it back to Mulberry's list of trusted authorities by doing the following:

1. Right click and save the file (don't click the link because this will just install it in your web browser),
2. In Mulberry, navigate to the Security preference settings,
3. Click 'Manage Certificates' button,
4. Select the 'Authorities' tab,
5. Click the 'Import' button,
6. Select the file, is-cacert.crt, that you downloaded from this page.

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