Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) pathway

Co-ordinator: Dr Guoxing Yu

This pathway enables English Language teaching professionals to update their knowledge and skills and to prepare themselves for new roles and functions as they develop their careers. For more information on research in this area please see the Directory of UK ELT Research.

All students take the Understanding Educational Research & Preparation for Dissertation units. TESOL students also take the four compulsory TESOL units:

  1. Second Language Pronunciation and Fluency
  2. Language & Communications
  3. Researching Language Classrooms
  4. Testing & Assessment in Language Learning

and select one optional unit from

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1.Second Language Pronunciation and Fluency

Summary

This unit centres on second language (L2) pronunciation research, teaching, and assessment, with a secondary focus on L2 fluency. Some of the topics to be covered include intelligibility and breakdowns in communication, listener sensitivity to accents, integrating pronunciation and fluency into the communicative classroom, the role of pronunciation in L2 oral proficiency scales, pronunciation and issues of identity. Embedded in the unit is a rigorous focus on research methodology that will be taught through examining empirical studies in L2 pronunciation that stem from both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic traditions. In addition to providing students with basic training in phonetics, the course will offer a clear practical component, involving diagnosing learner errors and developing instructional targets for improving their pronunciation/communication skills. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, the unit is likely to be of interest to emerging scholars and educational practitioners with wide-ranging interests within applied linguistics that extend beyond pronunciation.

Indicative reading

  • Bohn, O.-S. & Munro, M. J. (Eds.). (2007). Language experience in second language speech learning: In honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., Goodwin, J., & Griner, B. (2010). Teaching pronunciation: a course book and reference guide (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hansen Edwards, J. & Zampini, M. (Eds.). (2008). Phonology and second language acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Jenkins, J. (2000)The phonology of English as an international language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Riggenbach, H. (Ed.). (2000). Perspectives on fluency. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  • Segalowitz, N. (2010).The cognitive bases of second language fluency. New York: Routledge.

Aims

The overarching intended learning outcome is for students to be able to critique and design empirical studies in L2 pronunciation and fluency with regard to both theoretical underpinnings, and methodological choices.

Learning Outcomes

Students will understand

  • basic principles of English phoneme classification and International Phonetic Alphabet symbols
  • the historical reasons for the exclusion of pronunciation from both the Communicative classroom, and mainstream applied linguistics research circles and the motivation for the resurgence of interest in L2 pronunciation
  • that accents are one of the most perceptually salient aspects of speech and a potential source of listener bias
  • several ways of measuring L2 pronunciation and fluency, including instrumental techniques (i.e., using speech editing software)

Assessment

The assessment for the course will consist of a 4000 word (or equivalent) assignment on one of the topics covered in the course (or subject to approval by the tutor). There are two options. Both options reflect the course objective: be able to critique and design empirical studies in L2 pronunciation and fluency with regard to both theoretical underpinnings, and methodological choices. Option 1 will be a literature-based paper that involves synthesizing previous research on some aspect of pronunciation/communication or fluency. Through examining and reflecting on the body of evidence, the goal will be to arrive at a novel way of thinking about the subject matter (i.e., arriving at a new understanding of the topic or adopting a novel perspective to inform current practice). Option 2 will be a proposal for an empirical research study that targets some aspect of pronunciation/communication or fluency. The paper will include a focused literature review, research questions, and a methods section that discusses how the research will be addressed, including procedures for data collection and data analysis

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2. Language & Communications

Summary

This unit focuses on the description and analysis of language and communication across a range of discourse settings. Through a focus on discourse analysis, we examine how language enacts social and cultural perspectives and identities using quantitative and qualitative approaches, perspectives which draw on the paradigm issues introduced in Understanding Educational Research. We introduce conceptual and methodological means of exploring the social, cultural and cognitive processes involved in constructing meaning through language use. This includes consideration of techniques for the elicitation, construction and analysis of linguistic data. Indicative content areas include the nature of discourse, conversation analysis; critical discourse analysis; the analysis of institutional talk and learner language; linguistic ethnography; politeness theory and relational work as a framework for the analysis of talk; and corpus linguistics. Participants in the unit will have opportunities to explore language learning and language use issues in their own professional context through focussed linguistic analysis.

Indicative reading

  • Bardovi-Harlig, K. & B.S. Hartford (Eds.) 2005 Interlanguage Pragmatics: Exploring Institutional Talk. Lawrence Erlbaum: London/New Jersey.
  • Ellis, R. & G. Barkhuizen 2005. Analysing Learner Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Graddol, D; J.Cheshire & J.Swann (Eds.) 2002 Describing Language. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • Markee, N. 2000 Conversation Analysis. Lawrence Erlbaum: London/New Jersey.
  • Richards, K. & P.Seedhouse (Eds.) 2005 Applying Conversation Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Spencer-Oatey, H. 2008 Culturally Speaking (Ed.) (2nd Edition) . London: Continuum.

Aims

  • To develop an understanding of discourse and of talk as social action analysis;
  • To explore the use of pragmatics and discourse concepts in the analysis of linguistic data;
  • To develop an understanding of procedures and techniques for eliciting, recording and analysing language;
  • To adopt a critical orientation to the analysis of discourse within and across cultures.

Learning Outcomes

Students will:

  • understand key theoretical concepts in language and communication studies;
  • develop skills of data elicitation, transcription, construction and analysis relevant to TESOL Applied Linguistics, including ethical issues relevant to such research processes;
  • develop skills of critical evaluation and interpretation in relation to empirical studies;
  • be aware of the implications of analysis for language policy and pedagogy.

Assessment

A portfolio of tasks which engage purposeful analyses of linguistic data and critical review of empirical studies in the related literature (equivalent to 4000 words).

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3. Researching Language Classrooms

Summary

This unit introduces students to the purposes and processes of research in second language classrooms in TESOL/Applied Linguistics. We explore a range of conceptual frameworks and qualitative and quantitative methodologies that are currently used for second language classroom research. A key focus is the theory-data link which is the cornerstone of sound research design. We prepare students to critique published research in this field and to design their own research studies.

In the unit we explore a wide range of approaches to second language classroom research, for example, ethnographic approaches, discourse analytic perspectives, and experimental studies. We draw on current themes in the field such as: language and identities, language use and learning, language and power, interaction and learning, and teacher and learner perspectives on classroom processes. In addition we will examine researcher role, power and ethical issues as aspects of the classroom research process.

Indicative reading

  • Creese, A. (2005). Teacher Collaboration and Talk in Multilingual Classrooms. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
  • Mackey, S. & Gass, S. (2007). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design. NJ:Lawrence Earlbaum
  • McKay, S. (2006). Researching Second Language Classrooms. NY: Routledge.
  • Richards, K. (2003). Qualitative Enquiry in TESOL. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Toohey, K. (2000). Learning English at School: Identity, Social Relations and Classroom Practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Walsh, S. (2006). Investigating Classroom Discourse. London: Routledge

Aims

  • To explore the purpose of and theoretical approaches to second language classroom research and the study of classroom phenomena;
  • To analyse and critique published research studies;
  • To develop an understanding of language classroom research design issues;
  • To develop an awareness of methods and understanding of methodological issues in conducting classroom research.

Learning Outcomes

Students will understand:

  • the range of theoretical frameworks used in second language classroom research across different contexts
  • the different approaches and methods for conducting second language classroom research
  • the social and ethical issues involved in researching language classrooms.

Students will be able to:

  • design a classroom research study in a TESOL context which reflects skills in developing research questions; constructing a conceptual framework; establishing data to theory links, and attending to social and ethical issues;
  • negotiate access as a researcher to language classrooms;
  • relate research outcomes to theory development in Applied Linguistics, and problem-solving in professional contexts.

Assessment

An assignment of 4000 words, which identifies a research issue in language learning theory and professional practice, and evaluates the different research strategies which form the basis for an empirical investigation.

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4. Testing and Assessment in Language Learning (TALL)

Summary

This unit provides an overview of current developments in theories and practices of language testing and assessment. We explore approaches and the processes of language test construction and validation as well as classroom-based assessment, and review current developments in the field through consideration of the principles underlying best practice in language testing and assessment. We focus on the development and validation of tests and other procedures used to assess the language development, achievement and proficiency of speakers of English as a foreign or additional language, and the research methods relevant to these tasks. Indicative content areas include language assessment as socially situated practice, assessment for learning, the Common European Framework of Reference, assessment of different language skills (e.g., the development and validation of rating scales, integrated writing tasks, observation driven approaches to classroom/teacher assessment, self-/peer-assessment), washback, and power, and ethics and fairness in language testing as social practice.

Indicative reading

  • Alderson, J. C., Clapham, C., & Wall, D. (1995). Language test construction and evaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fulcher, G., & Davidson, F. (2007). Language testing and assessment: An advanced resource book. London: Routledge.
  • McNamara, T. & Roever, C. (2006). Language Testing: the Social Dimension. (full text available at www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/lang/56/s2)
  • Weir, C. J. (2005). Language testing and validation: An evidence-based approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Aims

The unit will provide students with the opportunity:

  • to access and critique recent major developments in the field of language testing and assessment
  • to understand conceptual and methodological aspects of test development and validation processes and procedures
  • to understand test impact and ethicality and fairness issues in language testing.
  • to adopt a critical orientation (through illustrative case studies) to the interpretation of a range of language testing procedures and assessment practices and to the relevance of these for their professional practice

Learning Outcomes

By participating in this unit, students will understand

  • the theoretical bases of language test validation and assessment;
  • the principles which underpin good assessment practice;
  • the potential of assessment for language development;
  • current and emerging of trends in language testing research.

They will be able to

  • design and select appropriate procedures to assess language skills;
  • manage and administer tests and assessment procedures;
  • integrate assessment procedures and language learning activities;
  • design research studies to inform empirically on test validity and impact.

Assessment

There are two options, each of 4000 words. Students will either:

  1. Critically analyse a published testing and assessment study, with reference to relevant theoretical / conceptual frameworks, the methods, the claims and findings of the research.

    or
  2. Outline a proposal for an empirical research study addressing a current theoretical or curricular issue in language testing and assessment, which includes a focussed literature review, research questions and procedures for data collection and data analysis.

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(a) Supervised Individual Study

Summary

This unit is available in the exceptional circumstances that require an individually negotiated programme of study, submission of work and assessment that could not be met by any other available unit in the programme. The unit devised for these purposes must be consistent with and meet significant aspects of the aims of the programme.

Indicative reading

Dependent upon the area of focus.

Aims

The unit aims to:

  • Provide the candidate with the knowledge and skills to achieve agreed aspects of the Programme Specification that could not be achieved by any currently offered units.
  • Offer a reasonable level of tutorial guidance, support and challenge during the production of the Special Independent Study.
  • Gather assessed evidence of the student’s achievement in circumstances comparable to those of the dissertation.
  • Enable the candidate to actively engage with issues involved in submitting individually negotiated work for assessment.

Learning Outcomes

The learning outcomes achieved by a successful candidate will be:

  • Advancing knowledge and understanding by independent study
  • Demonstrating intellectual skills and attributes at an appropriate level
  • Undertaking substantially self-motivated and directed work at doctoral level
  • Enhancing practical, professional and transferable skills

Assessment

A 4000 word assignment or equivalent if other media are used. Assessment is conducted by two markers with expertise in the field of study. Students will be expected to identify relevant texts, synthesise the literature and apply the research to a professional context.

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(b) Published Work

Summary

This unit provides participants with the opportunity to present published articles or other short pieces for assessment alongside scholarly reflections on issues involved in writing the article as an opportunity for self-assessment. The self-assessment may be informed by making presentations on the work in any appropriate setting(s). The assessed piece of work would consist of the publication and a short commentary.

Aims

This aims to provide participants with an opportunity to:

  • present suitable short publications for assessment by self and academic staff
  • engage in the issues involved evaluating a publication produced for professional and academic purposes
  • develop a self-assessment
  • consider feedback elicited by the publication and associated presentations or other means of dissemination
Participants who are not already experienced or skilled in making presentations of their work will be supported with the aim of making them more proficient in demonstrating these skills.

Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to demonstrate:

  • carefully considered self-evaluation of one of their own publications presented in a appropriate scholarly way
  • engagement with the complex issues of evaluating publications
  • evaluation of intent against achievement
  • engagement with any responses to the publication and the development of considered responses
  • an ability to audit relevant presentation skills and identify any areas requiring further professional or personal development

Assessment

The submission of the publication accompanied by short commentary that undertakes a self-assessment concerning issues raised by the process of writing or production of the publication. The commentary will usually be between 1500 and 2000 words.

Work presented for this unit must be substantially different from that presented for any other unit. For example, a publication based on an earlier assignment may not be presented for a second time in order to gain further credit in this unit.

Guidelines will be developed to ensure that candidates who submit publications with joint or multiple authorship are eligible for the award of a fair and proportionate amount of credit based on their verifiable contribution.

Candidates are not normally permitted to gain more than 40 credits towards their award from any combination of published work, pilot project or special individual study.

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(c) A unit from another EdD pathway

Go to Course structure for other units.

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